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Ravi Kumar, B.
- An Appraisal on Assessment of HAZ Toughness
Abstract Views :225 |
PDF Views:6
Authors
Affiliations
1 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, IN
2 lndian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, IN
1 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, IN
2 lndian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 34, No 4 (2001), Pagination: 9-18Abstract
Advances in welding technology and materials science have resulted in great improvements in the reliability of welded structures. However, catastrophic failures have not been uncommon. Most of the weld related failures have been attributed to have originated from the heat affected zone (HAZ), which is believed to be the weakest link in the heterogeneous welded joint comprising of weld metal, HAZ and the unaffected base material. One of the key requirements in the integrity assessment of welded joints is the availability of representative property data for the HAZ, which can be used for comparing with the applied stress and predict critical stress or the remaining life. The difficulties in estimating the properties of the HAZ are compounded by a microstructural gradient within a narrow zone. In this investigation, detailed experimental studies were carried out on the HAZ obtained in manual metal arc, submerged arc and gas metal arc welding processes. The properties evaluated include hardness, tensile data, CVN impact and fracture toughness. Inspite of placing the notch close to the fusion boundary, CVN impact tests do not provide the correct estimation of toughness because of irregular HAZ boundary and the finite ischolar_main radius of the CVN notch (0.25mm) which entails the crack to sample several heterogeneous grains. On the other hand, a sharp fatigue precrack narrows down the microstructural heterogeneity in the fracture toughness tests. Even so, the variation of the fracture toughness (CTOD) within the HAZ is as unpredictable as in CVN toughness. This depends on the crack tip encountering either a local brittle microstructure indicating pop-ins or the deviation of crack tip into adjacent softer microstructural regions resulting in an apparent increase of fracture toughness. Literature is lacking in proper validation criteria before the HAZ toughness test results can be applied for integrity assessment. The present paper systematically investigates the problems associated with evaluation of the properties of HAZ in typical C-Mn-Nb micro alloyed steel.Keywords
HAZ, Microstructural Gradient, Tensile Data, Impact Toughness, Fracture Toughness, CTOD, Pop-Ins, C-Mn-Nb Micro Alloyed Steel.
- Analysis of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Friction Welded ASTM A106Gr.B Carbon Steel Pipe Joints by Varying Upset Pressures
Abstract Views :403 |
PDF Views:5
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500007, IN
2 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831001, IN
3 Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad - 500007, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500007, IN
2 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831001, IN
3 Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad - 500007, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 52, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 74-84Abstract
Friction welding is one of the most common methods employed in the joining of carbon and alloy steel tubular sections. In the present work, the analysis of the effect of upset pressure on mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction welded ASTM A 106 Gr. B low carbon steel pipes has been investigated. The test joints were made using continuous drive welding machine with upset pressures of 5 MPa to 8 MPa and evaluated for microstructure, hardness, tensile strength and impact toughness. The weld joints exhibited mostly ferrite and pearlite microstructure in both fully plastically deformed zone (FPDZ), partially deformed zone (PDZ) on the either side of the weld interface and a distinct dynamically recrystallized ferrite pearlite microstructure was observed in the FPDZ at the weld centre line. Better tensile properties were observed in case of the joints made with upset pressure of 6.4 MPa. It is observed that the weld region is stronger than base metal and the hardness has increased with the increase in the upset pressure. Marginal reduction in the toughness was noted with the increase in the upset pressure.Keywords
Friction Welding, Upset Pressure, Fully Plastically Deformed Zone (FPDZ), Partially Deformed Zone (PDZ), Base Material (BM).References
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